Bytes, not characters
API gateways, message queues and databases limit size in bytes. In UTF-8 an English letter takes one byte, but an accented letter takes two, most Indian scripts take three per character and an emoji takes four. That is why the byte size can be larger than the character count.
- 1 KB here means 1,024 bytes
- Minified size is what most APIs actually send
- Gzip size is close to what crosses the network